2005

"What Do You Believe Is True Even Though You Cannot Prove It?"


Standard version

The natural gift of consciousness should be treasured all the more for its transience.
The answers...exert an un- questionable morbid fascination — those are the very ideas that scientists cannot confess in their technical papers.
"Fate largo alle «beautiful minds» di Roberto Casati;;
"La terza cultura di John Brockman" di Armando Massarenti

God (or Not), Physics and, of Course, Love: Scientists Take a Leap: Fourteen scientists ponder everything from string theory to true love.

Space Without Time, Time Without Rest: John Brockman's Question for the Republic of WisdomIt can be more thrilling to start the New Year with a good question than with a good intention. That's what John Brockman is doing for the eight time in a row.
What do you believe to be true, even though you can’t prove it? John Brockman asked over a hundred scientists and intellectuals... more» ... Edge  

That's what online magazine The Edge - the World Question Center asked over 120 scientists, futurists, and other interesting minds. Their answers are sometimes short and to the point

Science's Scourge of Believers Declares His Faith in Darwin...
Singolare inchiesta in usa di un sito internet. Ha chiesto ai signori della ricerca di svelare i loro "atti di fede". Sono arrivate le risposte piu' imprevedibili i fantasmi dello scienziato: non ho prove ma ci credo.
To celebrate the new year, online magazine Edge asked some leading thinkers a simple question: What do you believe but cannot prove? Here is a selection of their responses...
Scientists dream too - imagine that
"Fantastically stimulating ...Once you start, you can't stop thinking about that question. It's like the crack cocaine of the thinking world." — BBC Radio 4
Scientists, increasingly, have become our public intellectuals, to whom we look for explanations and solutions. These may be partial and imperfect, but they are more satisfactory than the alternatives.

Bangladesh—The cynic and the optimist, the agnostic and the believer, the rationalist and the obscurantist, the scientist and the speculative philosopher, the realist and the idealist-all converge on a critical point in their thought process where reasoning loses its power.

Il Sole 24 Ore-Domenica Segnalate le vostre cuioosita, chiederemo riposta alle persone piu autorevoli




Alun Anderson  
Chris W. Anderson 
Philip W. Anderson  
Scott Atran  
Simon Baron-Cohen 
John Barrow 
Gregory Benford 
Jesse Bering  
Susan Blackmore 
Ned Block
Paul Bloom  
David Buss
William Calvin
Leo Chalupa 
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi  
Paul Davies
Richard Dawkins  
Stanislas Deheane
Daniel C. Dennett  
Keith Devlin 
Jared Diamond
Denis Dutton  
Esther Dyson  
Freeman Dyson
George Dyson 
Jeffrey Epstein 
Todd Feinberg 
Christine Finn 
Kenneth Ford  
Howard Gardner
David Gelernter
Neil Gershenfeld 
Steve Giddings 
Daniel Gilbert
Rebecca Goldstein
Daniel Goleman
Brian Goodwin 
Alison Gopnik 
Jonathan Haidt  
Haim Harari 
Judith Rich Harris  
Sam Harris  
Marc D. Hauser
Marti Hearst
W. Daniel Hillis
Donald Hoffman  
John Horgan 
Verena Huber-Dyson 
Nicholas Humphrey 
Piet Hut  
Stuart Kauffman
Alan Kay  
Kevin Kelly 
Stephen Kosslyn 
Kai Krause  
Lawrence Krauss 
Ray Kurzweil 
Jaron Lanier  
Leon Lederman 
Janna Levin  
Joseph LeDoux  
Seth Lloyd  
Benoit Mandelbrot 
Gary Marcus 
Lynn Margulis 
John McCarthy 
Pamela McCorduck 
Ian McEwan 
John McWhorter  
Thomas Metzinger 
Oliver Morton 
David Myers
Randolph Nesse
Tor Nørretranders  
Martin Nowak  
James O'Donnell 
Alex Pentland  
Irene Pepperberg  
Stephen Petranek  
Clifford Pickover 
Steven Pinker  
Jordan Pollack  
Carolyn Porco 
Robert R. Provine
Martin Rees 
Howard Rheingold 
Carlo Rovelli 
Rudy Rucker
Douglas Rushkoff 
Karl Sabbagh 
Robert Sapolsky
Roger Schank 
Jean Paul Schmetz
Stephen H. Schneider
Gino Segre
Terrence Sejnowski
Martin E. P. Seligman 
Rupert Sheldrake 
Michael Shermer 
Charles Simonyi 
John R. Skoyles 
Lee Smolin  
Elizabeth Spelke
Maria Spiropulu
Tom Standage
Paul Steinhardt  
Bruce Sterling 
Leonard Susskind  
Nassim Taleb
Timothy Taylor 
Arnold Trehub
Robert Trivers 
J. Craig Venter 
Alexander Vilenkin 
Margaret Wertheim 
Donald I. Williamson 
Ian Wilmut
Ellen Winner
Anton Zeilinger
 

2004


"So now, into the breach comes John Brockman, the literary agent and gadfly, whose online scientific salon, Edge.org, has become one of the most interesting stopping places on the Web. He begins every year by posing a question to his distinguished roster of authors and invited guests. Last year he asked what sort of counsel each would offer George W. Bush as the nation's top science adviser. This time the question is "What's your law?"
"John Brockman, a New York literary agent, writer and impresario of the online salon Edge, figures it is time for more scientists to get in on the whole naming thing...As a New Year's exercise, he asked scores of leading thinkers in the natural and social sciences for "some bit of wisdom, some rule of nature, some law-like pattern, either grand or small, that you've noticed in the universe that might as well be named after you."
"John Brockman has posted an intriguing question on his Edge website. Brockman advises his would-be legislators to stick to the scientific disciplines."
"Everything answers to the rule of law. Nature. Science. Society. All of it obeys a set of codes...It's the thinker's challenge to put words to these unwritten rules. Do so, and he or she may go down in history. Like a Newton or, more recently, a Gordon Moore, who in 1965 coined the most cited theory of the technological age, an observation on how computers grow exponentially cheaper and more powerful... Recently, John Brockman went looking for more laws."

2003


"In 2002, he [Brockman] asked respondents to imagine that they had been nominated as White House science adviser and that President Bush had sought their answer to 'What are the pressing scientific issues for the nation and the world, and what is your advice on how I can begin to deal with them?'Here are excerpts of some of the responses. "
"Edge's combination of political engagement and blue-sky thinking makes stimulating reading for anyone seeking a glimpse into the next decade."
"Dear W: Scientists Offer
President Advice on Policy"
"There are 84 responses, ranging in topic from advanced nanotechnology to the psychology of foreign cultures, and lots of ideas regarding science, technology, politics, and education."

2002


"Brockman's thinkers of the 'Third Culture,' whether they, like Dawkins, study evolutionary biology at Oxford or, like Alan Alda, portray scientists on Broadway, know no taboos. Everything is permitted, and nothing is excluded from this intellectual game."
"The responses are generally written in an engaging, casual style (perhaps encouraged by the medium of e-mail), and are often fascinating and thought - provoking.... These are all wonderful, intelligent questions..."

2001—9/11


  "We are interested in ‘thinking smart,'" declares Brockman on the site, "we are not interested in the anesthesiology of ‘wisdom.'"
"INSPIRED ARENA: Edge has been bringing together the world's foremost scientific thinkers since 1998, and the response to September 11 was measured and uplifting."

2001


"Responses to this year's question are deliciously creative... the variety astonishes. Edge continues to launch intellectual skyrockets of stunning brilliance. Nobody in the world is doing what Edge is doing."
"Once a year, John Brockman of New York, a writer and literary agent who represents many scientists, poses a question in his online journal, The Edge, and invites the thousand or so people on his mailing list to answer it."

2000


"Don't assume for a second that Ted Koppel, Charlie Rose and the editorial high command at the New York Times have a handle on all the pressing issues of the day.... a lengthy list of profound, esoteric and outright entertaining responses.

1999


"A terrific, thought provoking site."
"The Power of Big Ideas"
"The Nominees for Best Invention Of the Last Two Millennia Are . . ."
"...Thoughtful and often surprising answers ....a fascinating survey of intellectual and creative wonders of the world ..... Reading them reminds me of how wondrous our world is." — Bill Gates, New York Times Syndicated Column

1998


"A site that has raised electronic discourse on the Web to a whole new level.... Genuine learning seems to be going on here."
"To mark the first anniversary of [Edge], Brockman posed a question: 'Simply reading the six million volumes in the Widener Library does not necessarily lead to a complex and subtle mind," he wrote, referring to the Harvard library. "How to avoid the anesthesiology of wisdom?' "
"Home to often lively, sometimes obscure and almost always ambitious discussions."



 

"Big, deep and ambitious questions....breathtaking in scope. Keep watching The World Question Center." — New Scientist

The Edge Annual Question—2005

"Fantastically stimulating...Once you start, you can't stop thinking about that question." — BBC Radio 4


"WHAT DO YOU BELIEVE IS TRUE EVEN THOUGH YOU CANNOT PROVE IT?"

Great minds can sometimes guess the truth before they have either the evidence or arguments for it (Diderot called it having the "esprit de divination"). What do you believe is true even though you cannot prove it?


The 2005 Edge Question has generated many eye-opening responses from a "who's who" of third culture scientists and science-minded thinkers. The 120 contributions comprise a document of 60,000 words.

The New York Times ("Science Times") and Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung ("Feuilliton") published excepts in their print and online editions simultaneously with Edge publication. Other international papers followed: The Telegraph, La Stampa, The Guardian, Sydney Morning Herald, The Sunday Times (UK), and The Financial Express of Bengladesh.

In a front-page article, Il Sole 24 Ore, Italy's largest financial daily, announced the "Edge Question Forum" in "Domenica", the weekend Arts & Culture section. The Forum, an ongoing project designed to bring third culture thinking to Italy, features excerpts from the Edge responses in addition to articles solicited rom Italian humanist intellectuals and scientists.

In the responses to this year's question, there's a focus on consciousness, on knowing, on ideas of truth and proof. If pushed to generalize, I would say it is a commentary on how we are dealing with the idea of certainty.

We are in the age of "searchculture", in which Google and other search engines are leading us into a future rich with an abundance of correct answers along with an accompanying naïve sense of certainty. In the future, we will be able to answer the question, but will we be bright enough to ask it?

This is an alternative path. It may be that it's okay not to be certain, but to have a hunch, and to perceive on that basis. There is also evidence here that the scientists are thinking beyond their individual fields. Yes, they are engaged in the science of their own areas of research, but more importantly they are also thinking deeply about creating new understandings about the limits of science, of seeing science not just as a question of knowing things, but as a means of tuning into the deeper questions of who we are and how we know.

It may sound as if I am referring to a group of intellectuals, and not scientists. In fact, I refer to both. In 1991, I suggested the idea of a third culture, which "consists of those scientists and other thinkers in the empirical world who, through their work and expository writing, are taking the place of the traditional intellectual in rendering visible the deeper meanings of our lives, redefining who and what we are. "

I believe that the scientists of the third culture are the pre-eminent intellectuals of our time. But I can't prove it.

Happy New Year!

John Brockman
Publisher & Editor


This year's Edge Question was suggested by Nicholas Humphrey.


(120 contributors; 60,000 words:) Howard GardnerNicholas HumphreyMarc D. HauserDaniel GilbertGeorge DysonDaniel C. DennettWilliam Calvin Lawrence KraussNeil GershenfeldJoseph LeDouxStephen KosslynPhilip W. AndersonKevin KellyPaul DaviesHaim HarariJanna LevinSteven PinkerAlison GopnikMartin E. P. SeligmanJohn McWhorterFreeman DysonRobert SapolskyLeonard SusskindKeith DevlinSusan BlackmoreClifford PickoverPiet HutGino SegreRoger SchankAlan KayBruce SterlingJudith Rich HarrisArnold TrehubGregory BenfordLynn MargulisSam HarrisElizabeth SpelkeKai KrauseTodd FeinbergNassim Nicholas TalebIrene PepperbergJesse BeringScott Atran Karl SabbaghGary MarcusStewart KauffmanRay KurzweilJohn BarrowJaron LanierAlex PentlandRichard DawkinsJean Paul SchmetzThomas MetzingerJohn R. SkoylesJohn HorganDavid GelernterJordan PollackLee SmolinMihaly CsikszentmihalyiJeffrey EpsteinMichael ShermerLeon LedermanTom StandageSimon Baron-CohenStephen PetranekJ. Craig VenterMaria SpiropuluDavid BussEsther DysonDavid MyersDenis DuttonDonald HoffmanKenneth FordMargaret WertheimAlun Anderson Philip ZimbardoPaul BloomRobert R. ProvineW. Daniel HillisMartin NowakSeth LloydDonald I. WilliamsonJonathan HaidtRebecca GoldsteinNed BlockChristine FinnRupert SheldrakeRudy RuckerDouglas RushkoffVerena Huber-DysonChris W. AndersonCharles SimonyiCarolyn PorcoMartin ReesPamela McCorduckJames O'DonnellJohn McCarthyCarlo RovelliLeo ChalupaHoward RheingoldSteve GiddingsTor NørretrandersStanislas DeheaneBenoit MandelbrotEllen WinnerPaul SteinhardtOliver MortonAlexander VilenkinTerrence SejnowskiBrian GoodwinStephen H. SchneiderRandolph NesseTimothy TaylorMarti Hearst Daniel GolemanJared DiamondAnton ZeilingerIan WilmutRobert TriversIan McEwan



April 2005
I call it "Broks's paradox": the condition of believing that the mind is separate from the body, even though you know this belief to be untrue


Paul Broks


I've been browsing the "World Question Centre" at edge.org, the website for thinking folk with time on their hands. The 2005 Edge question is a good one: "What do you believe is true even though you cannot prove it?"

...Ian McEwan" makes a telling point. "What I believe but cannot prove," he says, "is that no part of my consciousness will survive my death." His enlightened fellow Edge contributors will take this as a given, but they may not appreciate its significance, which is that belief in an afterlife "divides the world crucially, and much damage has been done to thought as well as to persons by those who are certain that there is a life, a better, more important life, elsewhere." The natural gift of consciousness should be treasured all the more for its transience.


Society
LO QUE CREEN LOS CIENTIFICOS
Domingo 20 of February of 2005

JAVIER SAMPEDRO, Madrid

John Brockman, writer, publisher and events manager for the science elite, has asked a hundred researchers the question, What do you believe is true even though you cannot prove it? The answers are posted at his e-magazine Edge (www.edge.org), and they exert an unquestionable morbid fascination—those are the very ideas that scientists cannot confess in their technical papers.

Since the Big Bang, matter has been busy organizing itself on particles, atoms, stars, planets, organic compounds and (on Earth at least) bacteria, animals and conscious brains. That is what scientists think proved. But their unproven beliefs tell another story, or thousand others.

“I doubt that the Big Bang is the beginning of time, I strongly suspect that our history extends backwards before that”, writes in Edge Lee Smolin, theoretical physicist. He cannot prove it, but he believes it. As his colleague Lawrence Krauss believes, without proofs too, that “there are likely to be a large, and possibly infinite number of other universes out there, some of which may be experiencing Big Bangs at the current moment”.

God does not play dices, said Einstein, but Alexander Vilenkin thinks he played dices too much…

Spanish original...



January 16 Domenica
EDGE QUESTION FORUM
Curated by Armando Massarenti

In a front-page article, Il Sole 24 Ore, Italy's largest financial daily, announced the "Edge Question Forum" in "Domenica", the weekend Arts & Culture section. The Forum, an ongoing project designed to bring third culture thinking to Italy, features excerpts from the Edge responses in addition to articles solicited rom Italian humanist intellectuals and scientists. [Click here]



Bangladesh
SATURDAY FEATURE
Where reasoning loses its power

by Syed Fattahul Alim
Saturday, January 15

A wide cross-section of people from among the intelligentsia responded to this fundamental paradox of life. The cynic and the optimist, the agnostic and the believer, the rationalist and the obscurantist, the scientist and the speculative philosopher, the realist and the idealist-all converge on a critical point in their thought process where reasoning loses its power. Love, existence of God, primacy of the entity called consciousness or life were the issues that came within the purview of the deliberation.



Moralists merely wail, but science gives us answers
By Minnette Minette Marrin
Comment — Sunday, January 9

Scientists, increasingly, have become our public intellectuals, to whom we look for explanations and solutions. These may be partial and imperfect, but they are more satisfactory than the alternatives.

So here is what I believe, without being able to prove it. If there are any answers to life's greatest questions, or if there are other questions that we should be asking instead, it is science that will provide them.



Broadcasting House
Sunday, January 9. 0900-1000

"Fantastically stimulating...Once you start, you can't stop thinking about that question." — Broadcasting House, BBC Radio 4

What do you believe to be true but cannot prove?   And what kind of problem does that pose to Scientists?  Professor Richard Dawkins joins us for that and we invite your thoughts on the subject. [click here for full transcript]

[Fi Glover, Broadcasting House, BBC Radio 4:] "We'd like you to stretch your brain this morning. 'What do you believe to be true but cannot prove?' This enormous query has been posed by the big thinkers website edge.org...And so far 100s of big thinkers have been answering this question."...

"It is a fantastically stimulating question isn't it? Although we might believe that science acts as a bastion of provable theories in a world that contains many mysteries, as you've just said this is not always the case. Scientists start out with theories and seek to build the proof around them. And that's the excitement of science often."

[Professor Richard Dawkins:] "Very much so. It would be entirely wrong to suggest that science is something that knows everything already. Science proceeds by having hunches, by making guesses, by having hypotheses, sometimes inspired by poetic thoughts, by aesthetic thoughts even, and then science goes about trying to dem